In-cell NMR: recent progresses and future challenges

Abstract In-cell NMR, i.e., NMR spectroscopy applied to studying specific macromolecules within living cells, is becoming the technique of choice for structural and mechanistic description proteins nucleic acids increasingly complex cellular environments, as well temporal evolution biological systems over a broad range timescales. Furthermore, in-cell has already shown its potentialities in early steps drug development. In this Perspective, we report some most recent methodological advancements successful applications spectroscopy, focusing particularly on soluble proteins. We show how combination atomic-level characterization with application context can provide crucial insights processes efficacy unprecedented level detail. Finally, discuss main challenges overcome share our vision future developments that will be made possible.